How to use Excel Data Model & Relationships

Share

Facebook
Twitter
LinkedIn

Have you ever been in a VLOOKUP hell?

Its what happens when you have to write a lot of vlookup formulas before you can start analyzing your data. Every day, millions of analysts and managers enter VLOOKUP hell and suffer. They connect table 1 with table 2 so that all the data needed for making that pivot report is on one place. If you are one of those, then you are going to love Excel’s data model & relationships feature.

Table relationships & Data model feature of Excel - cartoon

In simple words, this feature helps you connect one set of data with another set of data so that you can create combined pivot reports.

Practical Example – V(X)LOOKUP hell vs. Data Model heaven

Lets say you are looking sales data for your company. You have transaction data like below.

Example data

And you want to find out how many units you are selling by product category and customer’s gender.

Unfortunately, you only have product ID & customer ID.

With VLOOKUP Hell,

  1. You first fetch all the customer and product data and place them in separate ranges.
  2. Then write a vlookup formula to fetch product category, another to fetch customer gender.
  3. Then fill down the formulas for entire list of transactions.
  4. Now make a pivot table.

Assuming you have 30,000 transactions, you have to write 60,000 VLOOKUP formulas to create this one report!!!

With Data Model heaven,

  1. Create relationships between Sales, Products & Customer tables
  2. Create a pivot table

Creating a relationship in Excel – Step by Step tutorial

  1. Relationship feature in Excel 2013 data ribbon tab
    First set up your data as tables. To create a table, select any cell in range and press CTRL+T. Specify a name for your table from design tab. Read introduction to Excel tables to understand more.
  2. Now, go to data ribbon & click on relationships button.
  3. Click New to create a new relationship.
  4. Select Source table & column name. Map it to target table & column name. It does not matter which order you use here. Excel is smart enough to adjust the relationship.
    Creating a new relationship in Excel 2013 - how to?
  5. Add more relationships as needed.

Using relationships in Pivot reports & analysis

  1. Select any table and insert a pivot table (Insert > Pivot table, more on Pivot tables).
  2. Make sure you check the “Add this data to data model” check box.
    Adding a pivot table with data model in Excel 2013
  3. In your pivot table field list, check “ALL” instead of “ACTIVE” to see all table names.
  4. Select fields from various tables to create a combined pivot report or pivot chart

Example: Category & Gender Sales Report

  1. Add category to row labels
  2. Add gender to column labels
  3. Add quantity to values
  4. and your report is ready!
Example Pivot report made with Excel data model

Things to keep in mind when you using relationships

  • Same data types in both columns: Columns that you are connecting in both tables should have same data type (ie both numbers or dates or text etc.)
  • One to one or One to many relationships only: Excel 2013 supports only one to many or one to one relationships. That means one of the tables must have no duplicate values on the column you are linking to. (for example products table should not have duplicate product IDs).
  • You can add slicers too: You can slice these pivot tables on any field you want (just like normal pivot tables). For example, you can further slice the above report on customer’s profession or product’s SKU size.

Benefits of Data Model based Pivot Tables

Once you have a data model in spreadsheet, you will enjoy several benefits (apart from multi-table pivots that is). They are,

  • Distinct counts: This simple but often tricky to calculate number is easy to get once you have data model based pivot. Just go to value field settings and change the summary type to “Distinct count”. Here is a tip explaining how to get distinct counts in Excel pivots.
  • Measures & DAX: Once you have a Data Model, you can unleash the full Power Pivot features on your workbook. You can create measures (using DAX language) and calculate things that are otherwise impossible with regular Excel. Here is an example of percentage of something calculation with DAX & Data Model, to get started.
  • Pivots from data in other files & databases: You can combine data model with the abilities of Power Query to create pivots from data in other places. For example, you can make a pivot from sales data in SAP with customer data in CRM system. Here is an overview of what is Power Query?
  • Pivots from more than 1mn rows of data: You can connect to very large datasets and make pivots from them with the help of data model. Here is a demo of how to set up data model for 1+mn rows of data.
  • Convert Pivot Tables to formulas: Once you have a data model based pivot table, you can turn it in to a set of formulas. You can access this feature from “Analyze” ribbon. This will replace your pivot with a bunch of CUBE formulas. Here is an overview of CUBE formulas.

Drawbacks of Data Model:

Of course, its not all cup cakes and coffee with Data Model. There are a few drawbacks of data model based pivot tables.

  • Compatibility: Data model & relationship feature is available only in Excel 2013 or above. This means, you cannot create or share such pivot reports with people using older versions of Excel.
  • Not able to group data: In regular Pivot Tables, you can group numeric, data or text fields. But with data model pivot tables, you can no longer group data. You must create another table with the group mapping and use it as a relationship.

Download Example File

Click here to download Excel data model demo file. It contains 3 different tables and a combined pivot report (with slicer) to show you what is possible.

Do you use relationships?

Ever since discovering PowerPivot, I kind of stopped using VLOOKUP (or XLOOKUP) for most of my own analysis. Now that relationships are part of main Excel functionality, I am using them even more.

What about you? Are you using relationships & data model in Excel? What cool things are you doing with it? Share your tips with us using comments.

Want even more? Try PowerPivot

If you want even more out of your reports, then try PowerPivot. It is a new feature in Excel 2013 (available as add-in in Excel 2010) that can let you do lots of powerful analysis on massive amounts of data. Here is an introduction to PowerPivot.

Facebook
Twitter
LinkedIn

Share this tip with your colleagues

Excel and Power BI tips - Chandoo.org Newsletter

Get FREE Excel + Power BI Tips

Simple, fun and useful emails, once per week.

Learn & be awesome.

Welcome to Chandoo.org

Thank you so much for visiting. My aim is to make you awesome in Excel & Power BI. I do this by sharing videos, tips, examples and downloads on this website. There are more than 1,000 pages with all things Excel, Power BI, Dashboards & VBA here. Go ahead and spend few minutes to be AWESOME.

Read my storyFREE Excel tips book

Overall I learned a lot and I thought you did a great job of explaining how to do things. This will definitely elevate my reporting in the future.
Rebekah S
Reporting Analyst
Excel formula list - 100+ examples and howto guide for you

From simple to complex, there is a formula for every occasion. Check out the list now.

Calendars, invoices, trackers and much more. All free, fun and fantastic.

Advanced Pivot Table tricks

Power Query, Data model, DAX, Filters, Slicers, Conditional formats and beautiful charts. It's all here.

Still on fence about Power BI? In this getting started guide, learn what is Power BI, how to get it and how to create your first report from scratch.

27 Responses to “Sum of Values Between 2 Dates [Excel Formulas]”

  1. dexter says:

    I would apply a filter and use function subtotal, with option 9. This way you can see multiple views based on the filter.

  2. Michael Azer says:

    hey Chandoo, the solutions you proposed are very efficient, but if I wanted to be fancy I would do it this way .. the references are as your example workbook.
    =SUM(INDIRECT("C"&(MATCH(F5,B5:B95)+4)):INDIRECT("C"&(MATCH(F6,B5:B95)+4)))

  3. Luke M says:

    I like things simple:
    =SUMIF(B5:B95,">="&F5,C5:C95)-SUMIF(B5:B95,">"&F6,C5:C95)

  4. Matt S says:

    use something like: =SUM(OFFSET(B1,0,0,DATEDIF(A1,D1,"d")))
    and have D1 be the date that I want to sum to.

  5. Tom J says:

    In Excel 2003 (and earlier) I'd use an array formula to calculate either with nested if statements (as shown here) or with AND.

    {=SUM(IF(B5:B95>F5,IF(B5:B95<F6,C5:C95,0),0))}

    Note that I truly made this for BETWEEN the dates, not including the dates

  6. Andrew says:

    I turned the data set into a table named Dailies.
    I named the two limits StartDate and EndDate.

    And used an array formula:

    {=SUM((Dailies[Date]>=StartDate)*(Dailies[Date]<=EndDate)*Dailies[Sales])}

  7. Frank Linssen says:

    If I would still be using the old Excel I would do it as follows:

    SUMIF($B$5:$B$95,"<="&H6,$C$5:$C$95)-SUMIF($B$5:$B$95,"<"&H5,$C$5:$C$95)

    Works as simple as it is.

    Regards

  8. ikkeman says:

    =sum(index(c:c,match(startdate,c:c,1)+1):index(c:c,match(enddate,c:c,1))

  9. ikkeman says:

    =sum(index(c:c,match(startdate,b:b,1)+1):index(c:c,match(enddate,b:b,1))

  10. ram says:

    Great examples and thanks to Chandoo. You have simplified my work.

  11. Rony says:

    Hi! great tips I have found in your page, have you seen this
    http://runakay.blogspot.com/2011/10/searching-in-multiple-excel-tabs.html

  12. [...] I'm not sure I understand your question fully, but have a look at this: Sum of Values Between 2 Dates [Excel Formulas] | Chandoo.org - Learn Microsoft Excel Online [...]

  13. Amanda says:

    Thank you! Thank you! Thank you!

  14. abdalurhman says:

    =SUMIF(A2:A11;">="&B13;B2:B11)-SUMIF(A2:A11;"<"&A11;B2:B11)

  15. Eliza says:

    awesome... thank yoo Chandoo!

  16. dockhem says:

    which is most efficient and fast, if all are efficient ?

  17. jmassiah says:

    Thank you for this formula, I've just spent ages trying to find something to work on my data, I knew it would be possible! Don't care if others think there are easier/other ways to do it, you explained it so I understood it and could apply it to what I was doing so I'm happy!

  18. Nagaraju says:

    The above said example is awesome for calculating values between dates,

    can you pls let know how to calculate sale values if we have 10 sales boys for
    ex: 1,rama
    2,krishna
    3,ashwin
    4,naga
    5,suresh

    how much rama sale value between 1/jan/2015 to 10/jun/15
    how much krishna sale value between 10/jan/2015 to 15/july/2015
    i think you understood can you pls let me know the formula for how to calculate the sale between diffrent sale man sale value from master data file

    Thanks,
    Nagaraju

  19. Viv says:

    Hi

    I have a list of people's names in column A, I have a list of dates in column B which records the dates they have been off sick, in column C I have either 1 if it is a full sick day or 0.5 if it is a half day.

    What I would like to do is to add up the number of dates a specific person has been off within two dates.

    For example, I want to look at my list of names and to find Joe Bloggs (column A), then add up all his sick days (column C). The start date will be in cell E1 and the end date will be in F1.

    If this possible using SUMIFS?

    List of names are in range A2:A100

    List of dates in B2:B100

    List of sick days (either 0.5 or 1 in C2:C100

    The start date is in cell E2

    The end date is in cell F2

    Your help would be greatly appreciated.

    • Loknathan says:

      Yes, with the help of SUMIFS you can have the solution.
      Note: you need have an extra col. D2 where you will input Name of the person.
      =SUMIFS(C2:C100,A2:A100,D2,C2:C100,">="&E2,C2:C100,"<"&F2)

      Col. A Col. B Col. C Col.D Col. E Col. F
      Name Date Sales
      ABC 28-Jun-11 1 MNO 28-Jun-11 25-Sep-11
      XYZ 29-Jun-11 0.5
      MNO 30-Jun-11 1
      PQR 1-Jul-11 1

      • Loknathan says:

        Typo ERROR / Correction in formula:
        Yes, with the help of SUMIFS you can have the solution.
        Note: you need have an extra col. D2 where you will input Name of the person.
        =SUMIFS(C2:C100,A2:A100,D2,B2:B100,">="&E2,B2:B100,"<"&F2)

  20. Viv says:

    Hi

    I have a list of people's names in column A, I have a list of dates in column B which records the dates they have been off sick, in column C I have either 1 if it is a full sick day or 0.5 if it is a half day.

    What I would like to do is to add up the number of dates a specific person has been off within two dates.

    For example, I want to look at my list of names and to find Joe Bloggs (column A), then add up all his sick days (column C). The start date will be in cell E1 and the end date will be in F1.

    If this possible using SUMIFS?

    List of names are in range A2:A100

    List of dates in B2:B100

    List of sick days (either 0.5 or 1 in C2:C100

    The start date is in cell E2

    The end date is in cell F2

    Your help would be greatly appreciated.

    Viv

  21. AC says:

    Thanks for this - it solved the problem that I was having. However can someone please explain to me why the "" needs to be around >= and <= as well as why we need to add & in order for the formula to work? Thanks in advance!

  22. Ufoo says:

    This formula works perfectly as well. Any ideas?: =SUM(INDEX(C5:C95,MATCH(H5,B5:B95,1)):INDEX(C5:C95,MATCH(H6,B5:B95,1)))

  23. Ufoo says:

    ikkeman had posted the same thing.

  24. murray says:

    I am trying to sum total a range of cells between date ranges ie column n has $ amounts column d has the transaction dates ie 1/3/2015 or 25/3/2015 or 25/4/2015 column b has the text saying drp or distribution - reinv

    In another cell I am trying to sum or total (in column n) with the value of a range of different dates (column d) that contain different text (column b) ie cell n48 is 50, n65 is 85, n165 is 36

    with the dates ie cell d48 is 1/3/2015, d65 is 25/3/2015 and d165 is 25/4/2015

    with different text that says drp or distribution - reinv ie cell b48 is drp, b65 is distribution - reinv, b165 is drp

    If I wanted to sum the amounts between 1/3/2015 to 31/3/2015 with drp then the total would be 50. Also if I wanted to sum the amounts between 1/4/2015 to 30/4/2015 with drp the sum total would be 36 If I wanted to sum the amounts between 1/3/2015 to 31/3/2015 with drp and distribution - reinv the sum would be 115

    What would the formula be for these different questions

    hope you can help, it has been driving me nuts and cant work it out

Leave a Reply