How to use Excel Data Model & Relationships

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Have you ever been in a VLOOKUP hell?

Its what happens when you have to write a lot of vlookup formulas before you can start analyzing your data. Every day, millions of analysts and managers enter VLOOKUP hell and suffer. They connect table 1 with table 2 so that all the data needed for making that pivot report is on one place. If you are one of those, then you are going to love Excel’s data model & relationships feature.

Table relationships & Data model feature of Excel - cartoon

In simple words, this feature helps you connect one set of data with another set of data so that you can create combined pivot reports.

Practical Example – V(X)LOOKUP hell vs. Data Model heaven

Lets say you are looking sales data for your company. You have transaction data like below.

Example data

And you want to find out how many units you are selling by product category and customer’s gender.

Unfortunately, you only have product ID & customer ID.

With VLOOKUP Hell,

  1. You first fetch all the customer and product data and place them in separate ranges.
  2. Then write a vlookup formula to fetch product category, another to fetch customer gender.
  3. Then fill down the formulas for entire list of transactions.
  4. Now make a pivot table.

Assuming you have 30,000 transactions, you have to write 60,000 VLOOKUP formulas to create this one report!!!

With Data Model heaven,

  1. Create relationships between Sales, Products & Customer tables
  2. Create a pivot table

Creating a relationship in Excel – Step by Step tutorial

  1. Relationship feature in Excel 2013 data ribbon tab
    First set up your data as tables. To create a table, select any cell in range and press CTRL+T. Specify a name for your table from design tab. Read introduction to Excel tables to understand more.
  2. Now, go to data ribbon & click on relationships button.
  3. Click New to create a new relationship.
  4. Select Source table & column name. Map it to target table & column name. It does not matter which order you use here. Excel is smart enough to adjust the relationship.
    Creating a new relationship in Excel 2013 - how to?
  5. Add more relationships as needed.

Using relationships in Pivot reports & analysis

  1. Select any table and insert a pivot table (Insert > Pivot table, more on Pivot tables).
  2. Make sure you check the “Add this data to data model” check box.
    Adding a pivot table with data model in Excel 2013
  3. In your pivot table field list, check “ALL” instead of “ACTIVE” to see all table names.
  4. Select fields from various tables to create a combined pivot report or pivot chart

Example: Category & Gender Sales Report

  1. Add category to row labels
  2. Add gender to column labels
  3. Add quantity to values
  4. and your report is ready!
Example Pivot report made with Excel data model

Things to keep in mind when you using relationships

  • Same data types in both columns: Columns that you are connecting in both tables should have same data type (ie both numbers or dates or text etc.)
  • One to one or One to many relationships only: Excel 2013 supports only one to many or one to one relationships. That means one of the tables must have no duplicate values on the column you are linking to. (for example products table should not have duplicate product IDs).
  • You can add slicers too: You can slice these pivot tables on any field you want (just like normal pivot tables). For example, you can further slice the above report on customer’s profession or product’s SKU size.

Benefits of Data Model based Pivot Tables

Once you have a data model in spreadsheet, you will enjoy several benefits (apart from multi-table pivots that is). They are,

  • Distinct counts: This simple but often tricky to calculate number is easy to get once you have data model based pivot. Just go to value field settings and change the summary type to “Distinct count”. Here is a tip explaining how to get distinct counts in Excel pivots.
  • Measures & DAX: Once you have a Data Model, you can unleash the full Power Pivot features on your workbook. You can create measures (using DAX language) and calculate things that are otherwise impossible with regular Excel. Here is an example of percentage of something calculation with DAX & Data Model, to get started.
  • Pivots from data in other files & databases: You can combine data model with the abilities of Power Query to create pivots from data in other places. For example, you can make a pivot from sales data in SAP with customer data in CRM system. Here is an overview of what is Power Query?
  • Pivots from more than 1mn rows of data: You can connect to very large datasets and make pivots from them with the help of data model. Here is a demo of how to set up data model for 1+mn rows of data.
  • Convert Pivot Tables to formulas: Once you have a data model based pivot table, you can turn it in to a set of formulas. You can access this feature from “Analyze” ribbon. This will replace your pivot with a bunch of CUBE formulas. Here is an overview of CUBE formulas.

Drawbacks of Data Model:

Of course, its not all cup cakes and coffee with Data Model. There are a few drawbacks of data model based pivot tables.

  • Compatibility: Data model & relationship feature is available only in Excel 2013 or above. This means, you cannot create or share such pivot reports with people using older versions of Excel.
  • Not able to group data: In regular Pivot Tables, you can group numeric, data or text fields. But with data model pivot tables, you can no longer group data. You must create another table with the group mapping and use it as a relationship.

Download Example File

Click here to download Excel data model demo file. It contains 3 different tables and a combined pivot report (with slicer) to show you what is possible.

Do you use relationships?

Ever since discovering PowerPivot, I kind of stopped using VLOOKUP (or XLOOKUP) for most of my own analysis. Now that relationships are part of main Excel functionality, I am using them even more.

What about you? Are you using relationships & data model in Excel? What cool things are you doing with it? Share your tips with us using comments.

Want even more? Try PowerPivot

If you want even more out of your reports, then try PowerPivot. It is a new feature in Excel 2013 (available as add-in in Excel 2010) that can let you do lots of powerful analysis on massive amounts of data. Here is an introduction to PowerPivot.

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38 Responses to “Time to showoff your VBA skills – Help me fix ActiveSheet.Pictures.Insert snafu”

  1. shokks says:

    I tried your code with 2003, it works.

    But, I know Addpicture does not take URLs anymore with 2007 onwards, perhaps its the same with picture.insert as well.

    http://support.microsoft.com/kb/928983/en-us

    The above link gives the solution as "picture fill in a shape such as a rectangle".

  2. Vince E. says:

    Tried to recreate this, but it worked fine for me. I just took the image of the error you showed in the post. Is there more info that can narrow this down a bit?

  3. Ian Hinckley says:

    Hi

    Not sure if this is what you're after, but I just tried this

    Sub Macro1()
    ActiveSheet.Pictures.Insert("http://www.google.co.uk/intl/en_uk/images/logo.gif").Select
    End Sub

    Tied a button to it on the sheet and it seems to work; hope this helps a little

    Ian

  4. Chandoo says:

    @All.. the issue is in Excel 2007. In 2003 ActiveSheet.Pictures.Insert seems to work fine. Unfortunately, I have design this in Excel 2007.. that is why I posted it here..

  5. Ian Hinckley says:

    v2

    Sub Macro1()
    Set n = ActiveSheet.Pictures.Insert("http://www.google.co.uk/intl/en_uk/images/logo.gif")
    With Range("c12")
    t = .Top
    l = .Left
    End With
    With n
    .Top = t
    .Left = l
    End With
    End Sub

    Ian

  6. Ian Hinckley says:

    That didn't come out very well. This positions at c12, so can change easily:
    Sub Macro1()
    Set n = ActiveSheet.Pictures.Insert("http://www.google.co.uk/intl/en_uk/images/logo.gif")
    With Range("c12")
    t = .Top
    l = .Left
    End With
    With n
    .Top = t
    .Left = l
    End With
    End Sub

    Works OK in 2007

    Ian

  7. Chandoo:
    Try 'ActiveSheet.Pictures.Insert'

    With ActiveSheet.Pictures.Insert("C:\Example.png")
    .Left = ActiveSheet.Range("A1").Left
    .Top = ActiveSheet.Range("A1").Top
    End With

  8. Jon Peltier says:

    activesheet.pictures.insert "C:\Documents and Settings\Jon Peltier\Desktop\2007 stuff\insert_charts_2007.png"

    Works for me in 2003 SP3 and in 2007 SP2.

    Check the URL, and make sure you have internet connectivity.

    What also works, and is newer (pictures.insert was supposedly deprecated in '97):

    activesheet.shapes.addpicture "C:\Documents and Settings\Jon Peltier\Desktop\2007 stuff\insert_charts_2007.png", false, true, 200,200,100,100

    Unfortunately you must specify dimensions (the last four arguments) and you don't necessarily know them. But the picture size is still related back to the original picture size, so you could use scaleheight and scalewidth to fix this.

  9. Chandoo: I just re-read your post.

    The code I posted works for me. However, I'm using a local picture. If you try to add a picture from the web, this won't work.

    I remember solving this problem before by adding a rectangle shape first, then using the Shapes.AddPicture method to get a picture from the web.

    I'll find that code and post it here.

  10. Chandoo says:

    Some more updates... The code "ActiveSheet.Pictures.Insert (path)" works fine in Excel 2007 at home. Strange it failed miserably on my work laptop. Do you think this has got something to do with SP2 of MS Office 2007 or something like that?

    @Ian, Jon: Thanks for the code snippets. I guess I will use my home installation of excel to do this.

  11. Chandoo:

    Try this on your work laptop:

    Sub test()
    ActiveSheet.Shapes.AddShape msoShapeRectangle, 50, 50, 100, 200
    ActiveSheet.Shapes(1).Fill.UserPicture _
    "http://www.datapigtechnologies.com/images/dpwithPig6.png"
    End Sub

  12. Jon Peltier says:

    I didn't mean to post code with a local file, because both approaches worked with an internet image as well. This is in Excel 2007 SP2.

    activesheet.pictures.insert "http://peltiertech.com/images/2009-07/col_area_noblanks.png"

  13. Jon: Looks like I have SP1 on my client machine! I wasn't paying attention.

    Just checked my home computer where I have SP2, and you're right...looks like they fixed it.

  14. Jon Peltier says:

    I didn't even bother testing in SP1, though I could if anyone cares enough.

  15. teylyn says:

    I'm afraid I don't have a solution, but I find it remarkable that after attaining a certain status in the Excel world, Chandoo does not need to post on an Excel discussion forum to get help for an Excel problem. Instead, he posts on his blog and all the gurus come rushing to his help.

    Isn't Web 2.0 great?

  16. Jon Peltier says:

    Teylyn - I saw Chandoo's tweet first, and followed the link back to his blog.

  17. Chandoo says:

    @Mike.. thank you. I have seen the fill rectangle solution before posting the query here. For that matter, I have also tried the solution of embedding a browser control on a spreadsheet. both of these seemed a bit extreme. That is why I have asked it here.

    But I guess I will end up using it if I had to build this in work laptop.

    @Teylyn: I have thought of posting this in a forum. (Unfortunately I have not been to any excel group in the last 5 years. Last time I was active was when I built a jave based excel sheet construction solution using POI.HSSF classes of Apache... ) After searching for a few hours, I found several forum posts where others had same problem and the solution recommended (using .left and .top parameters) is not working for me. Incidentally most of these solutions are from a certain Jon Peltier 😛

    I thought may be the problem is interesting for fellow blog readers. So I posted it here.

  18. Justin B says:

    Hi,
    Adapting the code in the question,

    [code]
    Sub InsPicture()
    pPath = "http://chandoo.org/images/pointy-haired-dilbert-excel-charts-tips.png"
    With ActiveSheet.Pictures.Insert(pPath)
    .Left = Range("a1").Left
    .Top = Range("a1").Top
    End With
    End Sub
    [/code]

    Seems to work fine

  19. Jon Peltier says:

    Looks like it was a problem in 2007 up to SP1, which was corrected in SP2.

  20. Chandoo says:

    @Jon.. seems like the case. I just checked the version at work laptop. it is 12.0.6331.5000 (SP1).

    Thank you so much every one. I really appreciate your time and suggestions in solving this.

  21. Jon Peltier says:

    Glad to help. I couldn't understand why something so straightforward wasn't working.

  22. Kieranz says:

    Hi All
    Is there a way of inserting a motion clip eg animated gif or swf or flv?
    Thks

    • Chandoo says:

      You can insert animated GIFs by inserting them in a browser control through VBA. For other types of movies, I can guess you can insert them as clip art.

  23. ashvini says:

    I WANT THE INSERT PICTURE BY USING COADING

  24. Lutz says:

    so currently i was struggling same as you, chandoo, with the insert picture method in excel 2007/10 from an url and came along your thread here.

    so i re-designed the code on the addshape method as mike was suggesting it and all of the sudden it works just fine.

    thanks alot to you guys, you were a great help
    a big salut from switzerland

  25. Santiago says:

    Hi guys,

    I need help copying and pasting an image with the path in a cell.
    I leave the code.

    And thank you very much!

    Sub Copiarimg()

    Dim pic As Picture

    With ActiveSheet

    Set pic = .Pictures.Insert(Range("f2").Value)

    With .Range("e9:g22")
    pic.Top = .Top
    pic.Left = .Left
    pic.Width = .Width
    pic.Height = .Height
    End With
    End Sub

  26. I've played around with the approaches in these comments, and the code below is what I've come up with. The ImagePath can be a local file or a URL. As Jon mentioned above, the trick is to set an arbitrary value for the width and height, then call the ScaleWidth and ScaleHeight methods afterward to reset the picture to its original size. Once the LockAspectRatio property is set, you can change the picture width and the height will automatically scale (or vice-versa).

    Sub AddPictureToRange(TopLeftCellAddress As String, ImagePath As String)

    Dim pic As Shape
    Dim l As Single, t As Single
    Dim temp As Single

    l = Me.Range(TopLeftCellAddress).Left
    t = Me.Range(TopLeftCellAddress).Top
    temp = 10# ' arbitrary value

    Set pic = Me.Shapes.AddPicture(ImagePath, msoFalse, msoTrue, l, t, temp, temp)
    pic.ScaleHeight 1#, msoTrue
    pic.ScaleWidth 1#, msoTrue
    pic.LockAspectRatio = msoTrue

    End Sub

  27. dip says:

    I need some help with inserting pictures. I have an excel file with a column of item numbers next to this row I want to insert a picture of this item. The pictures are coded with the item number so I tried to insert it with one of the codes above:

    Sub InsPicture()
    pPath = "http://img.bricklink.com/P/80/55236.gif"
    With ActiveSheet.Pictures.Insert(pPath)
    End With
    End Sub

    That worked but I need to do that for every row separtly.
    So I tried in the code
    pPath = "http://img.bricklink.com/P/80/"&Text(a1;"#")&".gif"

    But that gives errors.

    Anybody ideas?

  28. alex says:

    Hi Nicholas, I used your solution in a related problem in Excel 2003 and it worked flawlessly..thank you!

  29. Richard says:

    Hi Mike Alexander,

    Your solution with some changes was helpful in my problem in XL 2007, thanks.

  30. seejay says:

    Hi,

    thanks all. In addition, I had a problem with multiple pictures inserting (every new picture replaced the prior one). I've changed it a bit, may be helpful..

    Sub test()
    ActiveSheet.Shapes.AddShape msoShapeRectangle, 50 , 50, 100, 200
    ActiveSheet.Shapes(1).Fill.UserPicture _
    "http://www.datapigtechnologies.com/images/dpwithPig6.png"
    ActiveSheet.Shapes(1).Copy
    ActiveSheet.Paste
    End Sub

  31. Jon Peltier says:

    Try this instead:
     
    Sub test()
    ActiveSheet.Shapes.AddShape msoShapeRectangle, 50 , 50, 100, 200
    ActiveSheet.Shapes(ActiveSheet.Shapes.Count).Fill.UserPicture _
    "http://www.datapigtechnologies.com/images/dpwithPig6.png"
    End Sub

    • Kez says:

      Thanks to everyone, this thread has been very helpful. However, image inserting still doesn't work quite as expect for me.

      While I can get a picture inserted into an Excel 2010 worksheet using either:

      1) ActiveSheet.Shapes(ActiveSheet.Shapes.Count).Fill.UserPicture...
      2) ActiveSheet.Pictures.Insert(pPath), and
      3) Shapes.AddPicture...

      unfortunately the images all insert with a display size determined not by the actual pixel dimensions of the image but by the dpi resolution.

      So for example, if I insert two copies of the exact same 600x600 pixel image, one with a 300dpi resolution and the other with 72dpi, they display at vastly different sizes on screen.

      While this might be intended behaviour for Excel in order to maintain a WSYWIG printing layout, I actually need a way to insert the image based on the the actual pixel dimesnsions and ignoring the dpi resolution.

      Any help appreciated.

      Thanks
      Kez

  32. Kez says:

    Not doing an intentional bump, but realised I posted in rely to one of the repsonses here instead of to the main thread, so reposting.
    =====

    Thanks to everyone, this thread has been very helpful. However, image inserting still doesn’t work quite as expected for me.

    While I can get a picture inserted into an Excel 2010 worksheet using any of the below methods:

    1) ActiveSheet.Shapes(ActiveSheet.Shapes.Count).Fill.UserPicture....
    2) ActiveSheet.Pictures.Insert(pPath), and
    3) Shapes.AddPicture....

    unfortunately the images all insert with a display size determined not by the actual pixel dimensions of the image but by the dpi resolution.

    So for example, if I insert two copies of the exact same 600×600 pixel image, one with a 300dpi resolution and the other with 72dpi, they display at vastly different sizes in Excel on screen.

    While this might be intended behaviour for Excel in order to maintain a WYSIWYG printing layout, I actually need a way to insert the images based on the the actual pixel dimesnsions and ignoring the dpi resolution.

    Any help appreciated.

    Thanks
    Kez

  33. Kez says:

    Well, answered my own question 🙂

    For those who might be interested, you can use this function:

    Public Function GetPicDims(strFilePath As String, strFileName As String) As String
    GetPicDims = CreateObject("Shell.Application").Namespace((strFilePath)). _
    ParseName(strFileName).ExtendedProperty("Dimensions")
    End Function

    to get the dimensions of the image you want to insert. Then you can parse the return string and use the width and height values to add a rectangle shape of the appropraite size, like:

    ActiveSheet.Shapes.AddShape msoShapeRectangle 50, 50, iWidth, iHeight

    which you then fill with the picture:

    ActiveSheet.Shapes(ActiveSheet.Shapes.Count).Fill.UserPicture "c:\temp\test.jpg"

    This way the picture gets inserted using the pixel dimensions and the (print) resolution gets ignored.

    If desired, the GetPicDims function can be made more generic to get other ExtendedProperties.

    Regards
    Kez

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