Compound interest is defined as “the interest on savings calculated on both the initial principal and the accumulated interest from previous periods.” Classically, known as “interest on interest”, this is the most common type interest used in every day finance situations.
To calculate compound interest
- on principal amount P
- at the rate of interest R
- for the number of years N
- and compounded T times per year
- we can use the formula = P*(1+R/T)^(N*T)
In this article, let me explain the necessary Excel formulas to calculate compound interest using your data.
In this Article
Compound Interest Excel Formula
Let’s say you borrow $5,000 at 5% interest rate for 10 years. The compounded value at the end of 10 years can be calculated with below Excel formula.
- Cell D4 has principal value: $5000
- Cell D5 has interest rate: 5%
- Cell D6 has years: 10
=D4*(1+D5)^D6
We can also calculate just the interest portion with this formula:
=D4*(1+D5)^D6 - D4
Compounding Once per Month
or 'T' Times per Year
It is common for compounding to be done more than once per year. In such cases, you can use below Excel formula logic to calculate the compound interest.
Below example shows compounding 4 times per year (ie, once every quarter).
' D20 has Principal Amount
' D21 has Rate of Interest
' D23 has number of years
' D24 has compounding terms per years
=D20*(1+D21/D23)^(D22*D23)
Compounding Every 'x' Months
If you want to calculate the effect of compounding every ‘x’ months, you can just below logic.
' D34 has Principal Amount
' D35 has Rate of Interest
' D36 has number of years
' D37 has number of months per compounding
=D34*(1+D35*D37/12)^(D36*12/D37)
Calculating Compound Interest with FV Function
Instead of using the P*(1+R/T)^(N*T) formula, you can use the FV () function (Future Value) to calculate the compounded value over time.
Here are a few examples:
$5000, 5%, 10 years, compounding once per year
'FV Syntax: FV(Interest Rate per term, Number of terms, , Principal Amount)
=FV(5%, 10,, -5000)
Output: $8144.47
$5000, 5%, 10 years, compounding 4 times per year
=FV(5%/4, 10*4,, -5000)
Output: $8218.10
$5000, 5%, 10 years, compounding x times per year
'Cell A1 has the Compounding Terms x
=FV(5%/A1, 10*A1,, -5000)
Compound vs. Simple Interest
Simple interest is defined as Principal x Interest Rate. It doesn’t change over time.
On the other hand, Compound Interest changes over time, as we calculate interest ON interest too.
Here is a quick demo of how Simple & Compound Interests compare over 20 years time, for $5,000 borrowed at 5% rate of interest.
'SIMPLE INTEREST FORMULA
=Principal * Rate_of_INTEREST
'COMPOUND INTEREST FORMULA
=Principal * (1 + Rate_of_INTEREST)^number_of_YEARS
Compounding Effect
“Compounding Effect” or that rapid growth of money over time often surprises people.
Imagine investing $5,000 at 5%, compounded annually for 20 years. Below table shows the effect of compounding on your money.
To calculate compounded value for various years, we can use below formulas.
'LIST OF 20 YEARS
=SEQUENCE(20)
'COMPOUNDED VALUE AT THE END OF EACH YEAR
'Amount is $5000, Rate of interest is 5%
=5000 * (1+5%)^SEQUENCE(20)
The compounding effect is starkly visible in the below graph.
Effect of Frequency on Compounding
You might think how often we compound would have an impact on the final value. But it does little.
For example, if we compare the outputs of $5,000 compounded at 5% at various frequencies, at the end of 20 years, the values would be:
- Once a year compounding: $13,266.49
- Twice a year: $13,452.32
- 4 Times a year: 13,507.42
- 6 Times a year: $13,535.21
- Every month (12 times): $13,563.20
- Every week (52 times): $13,584.88
- Every day (365 times): $13,590.48
The value hardly changes.
Below table shows how this looks over various time periods.
Interest Rate vs. Compounding
Interest rate on the other hand has a dramatic effect on the result of compounding.
For example, $5000 invested at 8% will be almost $11 million in a century!
Compounding is CRAZY!!!
$5,000 invested today at 1% interest would be worth $13,500 in 100 years.
Same money, but invested at 8% would be a whopping $10.9 million!
We can see the dramatic impact of rising interest rates on the compounded value with this table.
'Compounded value at various interest rates
'List of interest rates upto 20%
=SEQUENCE(20)/100
'COMPOUNDED VALUE AT VARIOUS RATES
'Amount is $5000, Duration is 20 years
'Compounded once per year
=5000 * (1+SEQUENCE(20)/100) ^ 20
Interest Rate vs. Compounding Graph
Effect of Compounding with Regular Payments
We can use Excel to figure out the compounded value with regular payments easily.
For example, if you invest
- $500 every month
- at 8%
- for 20 years
the final amount will be $294,510.21
To calculate this you can use the FV function, as shown below:
'FV Function Syntax
=FV(INTEREST_RATE, NUMBER_OF_PAYMENTS, PAYMENT_AMOUNT)
'Example with $500 monthly payment for 20 years at 8%
=FV(8%/12, 20 * 12, 500)
'OUTPUT
=$294,510.21
Here you can see the calculations and yearly balances for such regular (monthly) investments.
Rule of 72: Time to Double
A common thumb rule used in compounding is rule of 72.
RULE OF 72
To find out how long it takes for your money to double, divide 72 with rate of interest.
For example, at 8% interest rate, your money will double in 72/8 = 9 years.
You can use this when you don’t have the luxury of Excel or a calculator nearby to quickly calculate how long it takes for your money to double.
But what if I want to calculate the EXACT time it takes?
In such cases, you can use the formula =LOG(2) / LOG(1+Rate of Interest).
'Time to Double
'Exact formula
=LOG(2) / LOG(1+Rate_of_Interest)
'Approximate formula
=72/(Rate_of_Interest*100)
'Example at 8%
=LOG(2) / LOG(1+8%)
=9.01
=72 / (8% *100)
=9
In below example, you can see the rapid decrease in time it takes to double as the interest rate (rate of return) goes up.
Reverse of Compounding - The PV Function
We can use the PV (Present Value) function in Excel to calculate the principal value, given a compounded value.
For example, you want to save $100,000 for your daughter’s wedding, which you expect to be in 20 years. You expect the rate of interest to be 5%.
You want to know how much to save now to get $100k after 20 years.
Using the PV function as below, we can get that result.
'Reverse of Compounding
'Using PV Function to calculat the initial amount
'FUTURE AMOUNT = $100,000
'INTEREST RATE = 5%
'DURATION = 20 YEARS
'COMPOUNDING ANNUALLY
=PV(5%, 20,,-100,000)
=$37,688.95
Reverse of Regular Compounding - PMT Function
And we can use the PMT function to calculate reverse of the regular compounding.
Going back to the “saving for daughter’s wedding” case, you want to save up $100k for your daughter’s wedding in 20 years. You expect the interest rate to be 5%.
How much should you save every year?
or every month?
We can use the PMT function to figure out the regular amounts.
'Reverse of Compounding with Regular Payments
'Using PMT Function to calculat the regular payments from end value
'FUTURE AMOUNT = $100,000
'INTEREST RATE = 5%
'DURATION = 20 YEARS
'COMPOUNDING ANNUALLY
=PMT(5%, 20,,, -100000)
=$3,024.26
Compound Interest in Excel - VIDEO
Need to understand these formulas better?
Check out my quick and to-the-point video on Calculating Compound Interest in Excel.
Example Workbook with Compound Interest Calculations
I made an Excel file with over 20 examples (and more than 100 formulas). Click here to download the file and learn the concepts better.
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35 Responses to “75 Excel Speeding up Tips Shared by YOU! [Speedy Spreadsheet Week]”
I see most are saying that array formulas are bad. But I thought that when you use array formulas it grabs all the data at once and performs the calculations in one fell swoop. At least that is how the UDFs that I created work. When I did the time test it was much faster that way. Maybe I'll go back and check to make sure my work is right, but that's what I did.
When I work with array formulas I get a full column of data then work on that column and return a full column of data all at once. Which has shown to be much faster than the alternative.
Anyone have special insights on this?
wow..! thats a pretty impressive list, some real gems in there. I read somewhere the other day that spreadsheet development should be 80% planning and 20% implementation - taking the time to think about layout, how you're going to calculate things and how to structure the data often results in a lot less headaches, and more time for deeper analysis...
Hi Chandoo...
Mixed feeling about this article, while I completely agree with you when you share everyone's points under their name giving credit to contributors, but at the same time I see alot of repeated tips and few those may not be applicable under all cases. (I may have sounded harsh). Some kind of sorting of tips were required than mere 3 categorization. (Tough ask, I know). Some really worthy and awesome tips get lost in occean.
I would have been happy to read only non repititive tips and more like standard chandoo articles.
Well, I have also got two tips (may get lost in the list above), which is not presented above:
1. When using too many pivots - Disable data drilling option. This reduces file size, cache memory and speeds up file.
2. If your macro has used too many files for gathering input, close the file and open. This is also release or kill unwanted space in memory and speeds up. Again this can be achieved by macro to close self file and reopen same file, using timer function.
Please do not count me negative.
Regards,
Prasad DN
Hey, one thing that really speeds up VBA processing of data is to extract ranges into arrays & then working on those arrays. Arrays are a lot faster than using cell offset or any other method for working with a database. After you are done you can also paste the value directly into the range with one single command. This will speed up the macros considerably.
Here is a msdn article with examples in it:
msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa139976(v=office.10).aspx
Hope this helps
oops, noticed a typo in the tip I posted:
Re directly assigning values in VBA rather than copying & pasting should have read:
Sheet2.Range( "B1:B200 ").Value= Sheet1.Range( "A1:A200 ").Value
not
Sheet2.Range( "B1:B200 ").Value= Sheet1.Range( "A1:A100 ").Value
Corrected with double quotes:
Sheet2.Range("B1:B200").Value= Sheet1.Range("A1:A200").Value
[...] posts on speeding up Excel worksheets, one of the posts focuses on formulas and another he let the general readers make their suggestions. I made the suggestion that people use array formulas. But most of the other suggestions said not [...]
OK, I tested it. My UDFs were faster as array functions (like a couple thousand times). But Excel's built in functions are faster when not doing arrays. Not sure this is the case for all situations.
I can't help but to speak up.
Deleting a PivotTable will not speed up your workbook. It will only reduce the file size. There is zero memory processing for a pivot table if it just sits there.
Instead of destroying the pivot table, why not remove the redundant raw data. That would equally reduce the file size of the workbook, while keeping the pivot table functionality.
http://datapigtechnologies.com/blog/index.php/cut-the-size-of-your-pivot-table-workbooks-in-half/
Thanks a lot guys for your valuable tips !!
It really worked for me
Application.ScreenUpdating = False
Application.Calculation = xlCalculationManual
...
...
...
Application.ScreenUpdating = True
Application.Calculation = xlCalculationAutomatic
I would add:
Application.StatusBar = "Wait a second..."
............
Application.StatusBar = False
Optimizing Speed using Pivot Tables:
If you find that Pivot Tables are becoming sluggish becomes of the sheer volume of tables there is a way to increase performance. By default (xls 2010) pivot tables are designed to autofit the data within the columns as well as preserving formatting. I discovered that unchecking these two options alone will exponentially increase performance.
Here's how to do it:
Right click on your pivot table(s) --->choose 'Pivot Table Options' -->Layout & Format' Tab --->uncheck two boxes at the bottom. Done!
here is my list:
1. Avoid Variants when possible
2. Use long instead of integer
3. Use double instead of single
4. Use booleans as much as possible
5. pull data into arrays, manipulate, then dump back to workbook
6. use .value2 instead of .value if you are looking at strings or numeric values
7. set object variables
dim Wks as Excel.Worksheet
set wks = thisworkbook.Sheets("Sheet1")
8. use with statements...
with wks.cells(x,y)
.value2 = "abcd"
.interior.colorindex=4
with .font
.bold=true
.size =20
.underline=xlunderlinestylesingle
end with
9. use string version of functions (Left$() instead of Left())
10. Test for empty string variables with len() or lenb()...if lenb(String1)=0 then
11. Use the Mid$() function if it is possible instead of split()
12. use the join$() function instead of concatenating strings
13. AscW() to evaluate first characters
14. combine if statements and booleans together
boolean = (lenb(String1) = 0)
16. InStr(), InStrB(), InStrRev() are very fast, InStr() can be used to quickly return a substring occurrence of a string
17. DICTIONARIES!!!!!!!!!!!
18. FileSystemObject
19. My machine runs slightly faster when i fill in all the inputs of a function (instead of InStrB(String1, "abcd"), i use (InStrB(1,String1,"abcd",vbBinaryCompare)
20. Short Circuit If statements: If x = 2 then if y >3 then if z = 5 then b=true or
if x=2 then
if y >3 then
if z=5 then
b=true
c=true
end if
end if
end if
21. use ElseIf
22. my testing indicates ElseIf is slightly faster than a Case Select
23. set strings to empty by: = vbnullstring
24. with application
.screenupdating = false
.displayalerts = false
.enableevents = false
end with
25. UserForms can be very beneficial
26. User-Defined Types are a very neat way to encapsulate data
27. User-Defined Functions are handy, but can increase run-time if called thousands of times
28. if using ElseIfs, nested And Ifs or Select Case statements, put the argument that will occur most frequently at the beginning
29. Looping is not the worst thing...just got to figure out how to do it the most efficiently
30. Use dynamic arrays instead of static arrays
31. if you can figure out Win32 APIs, then they are usually much faster than VBA functions
I worked on a massive spreadsheet and it had become very slow over time as I developed it. I tried stripping down more and more formulas by replacing with pasted values, removed all conditional formatting etc. In the end what finally did the trick was when I removed the last single SUMPRODUCT fomula. It changed the updating time after one change from 7-8 seconds to instantaneously. The SUMPRODUCT I had used the full columns, and if I put it to only look at rows 1-500 it was fine.
[...] Speeding up Excel – 75 tips [Visitors: 36,157 ] Using Excel as your database [ 32,455 ] Comprehensive guide to VLOOKUP [ 23,745 ] 66 Dashboards visualizing Excel salary survey data [ 26,148 ] Interactive Sales chart in Excel [ 21,444 ] Compare 2 Excel sheets – howto? [ 21,820 ] Send mails using Excel VBA & Outlook [ 22,294 ] Customer Service Dashboard in Excel [ 18,136 ] Making your dashboards interactive [ 15,294 ] Extract numbers from text in Excel [ 18,490 ] [...]
TIPS FOR SPEEDING UP EXCEL
(1) Instead of writing a lot of formulas to organise data, you can VLOOKUP() the data in a Pivot table, thereby combining the advantages of Pivot table and VOOKUP().
(2) If you have a range named ‘TotalTaxForTheCurrentFinancialYear’, then it is not compulsory to use this name when making the worksheet. Naming the range as ‘Tax’ or simply ‘T’ will be sufficient. The formula =SUM(T) will be shorter and easier to use.
After completing typing all the formulas, simply edit the name of the range from ‘T’ to ‘TotalTaxForTheCurrentFinancialYear’, in the name box. The formula =SUM(T) will automatically change to =SUM(TotalTaxForTheCurrentFinancialYear).
Vijaykumar Shetye, India
VBA
I don't write many macros and like most of you when doing a recalculation it sometimes takes forever.
I have found that when I looked at my spreadsheet, I could determine which order of calcuations (by column) would produce the least number of iterations. So I wrote a macro to do my calculations on my terms. I picked the order of the columns I wanted to calcuate and it sped up my recalc 5-10X.
I did this so long ago, I believe I used "expression .Calculate".
TIPS TO SPEED UP EXCEL by Vijaykumar Shetye, India
You can view all the formulas in the entire worksheet quickly by pressing [ctrl] and [~] keys simultaneously.
To view results, press the key combination again.
i need help about excle lerning and reports making with dash bord i have no facility to join the on classes.
sajjad.hussain165@gmail.com
Is there any command to get time with seconds
Is there any way to create an excel file for specific time period, afterwards it will not open
[...] are looking for , but give it a try : Optimize Slow VBA Code. Speed Up Efficient VBA Code/Macros 75 Excel Speeding up Tips - How to speed-up & optimize slow Excel workbooks? | Chandoo.org - Lea... [...]
I've had to do a lot of mass calculations for reports etc. that involved repetitive identical, yet complex formulae, which took forever...
I hit on a great time-saver: sort the spreadsheet data; if, for example, the same result was due to a lookup of Hotel Name (A column), Date (B column), and Room Type (F column), the formula (Z column) would be: "=IF(A2&B2&F2=A1&B1&F1,Z1,VLOOKUP(A2&B2&F2,LookUps!A:G,7,FALSE))".
This meant that if the result is the same as the row above, just use the same answer, thus saving loads of time instead of VLOOKUPs. (This is a simplified example, the actual one had INDIRECT(ADDRESS...) in it, too!)
Check files for invalid range names, invalid links and names that aren't needed any longer.
Clearing out some 200 old references in a template made the file open go from 30 seconds to 2.
You can improve the speed by stopping calculation during changing cell value and after that you can enable it. please follow the link.
http://webtech-training.blogspot.in/2013/10/how-to-stop-heavy-formula-calculation.html
[…] 75 Excel Speeding Tips Its a long List, many repeated but worth a visit. […]
[…] 75 Speed-up tips by Chandoo (smartly done by crowd sourcing) […]
[…] Are you opening slow excel files? Use this reference to speed up your excel sheets […]
If you want to highlight the content or result within a cell with colour, use content colour not cell fill colour. This make a large data sheet fast as full colour takes up more resource.
There are already so many useful replies, so don't be mad at me if I repeat someone with the following hints.
While using pivot tables:
1. Link (raw) data from external files, rather then building pivots in the same workbook of the data. => Reduces file size.
2. don't flag "keep source data" in pivot settings. => reduces cache.
Downside is when you want to use slicers, you must allow refresh of the source data and thus people need access to that file.
One extra when using tables above ranges: replace the table header references by cell references in heavy duty formulas. I'm not sure but it seems to be faster and lighter (in #MBs).
hi
iam student and need xloptimizer( no demo) for solving the mathematical model
can you help me
thanks alot
@Reza
We cannot give away XLoptimizer
Why not post a question in the Chandoo.org Forums
http://forum.chandoo.org/
Dear Sir,
Thanks a lot for sharing tips & tricks of excel....
I read it , understand it and then use it in job and that has helped me a lot....
Thanks a lot...
Himanshu.
Mumbai, India.
In VBA, send out values to the worksheet all together as an array then excel will only re-calculate once rather than each time a cell that is output.
to the guy who said avoid looping in VBA - easier said than done, it's one of the most powerful uses for VBA out there. I'd therefore recomend the half way house and break the loop as soon as you've got what you want, don't let it run until the end. Use While etc.
What I would say on VBA in general is minimise sheet to code interations. Suck all your data into a VBA array THEN do the maths don't use cells themselves as stand alone visual variables.
And to the lady who said it's faster offline - that's because Microsoft are constantly contacting their own website be it security verification and/or update checks
Apply some logic to the order of criteria in sumifs / countifs formula
order the most exclusive criteria first. Once one criteria fails the others do not execute.
Bing AI, given the following query, confirms this: "excel countifs. if one criteria is likely to exclude most of the data range then should this criteria go first in the list to prevent frivilous executions".