To get the nearest time (and date) in the future from NOW(), in any cell in your sheet this array-entered formula:
=MIN(A2:A11+TODAY()+IF(MOD(NOW(),1)>A2:A11,1,0))
(array-entered means Ctrl+Shift+Enter while committing the formula to the sheet, NOT just Enter)
Since your run times do not have any date information, I assume the times apply to every day. In which case I would use Name Manager to define formula 'WaitTime' that refers to
= MOD( RunTime - Now, 1 )
The next run time would be
= Now + MIN( WaitTime )
Because WaitTime is defined as a Named Formula it will evaluate correctly as an array; CSE is not needed.
ThrottleWorks
I checked one more time ...
You asked 'The nearest time',
but later You 'maybe' meant to ask 'The nearest NEXT time' ...
Gotta make both ...
ThrottleWorks
... still reading ... or try to read ... 'nearest deadline' NOW it is 22:30 then nearest dealine would be 03:30 AM Yes - No - - - now isn't 22:30 or not or it could be current time, who knows?
... then 'deadline' won't necessary to be 03:30 AM ... it current time isn't 22:30.
Please, try next time write 'what do You would like to get?'
with clear logic ...
@vletm
Having nicked your workbook I at least did you the courtesy of using the infrastructure you had set up ! Because I treat direct references as qualitative errors, I simply applied the name 'Now' to the cell.