Not 100% sure it is watertight. But see attached and test.
Helpers (A-Z):
[H1]=COUNTIF($D$3:$D$13,"<"&D3)*100+COUNTIF($A$3:$A$13,"<"&A3)*10+COUNTIF($A$3:$A3,A3)
[G1]=RANK.EQ(H3,$H$3:$H$13,1)
Helpers (A-Z; 0-9):
[K3] (to be confirmed with CSE) = MID(D3,1,MIN(SEARCH({0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9},D3&"0123456789"))-1) & TEXT(MID(D3,MIN(SEARCH({0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9},D3&"0123456789")),10),"000")*1000 +TEXT(MID(A3,MIN(SEARCH({0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9},A3&"0123456789")),10),"00")*100
[J1]= COUNTIF(K$3:$K13,"<"&K3)+COUNTIF(K$3:$K3,K3)