using a reference table for pulling in to provide constant / standadised information
Summarising information
conditional formatting
Cost margin
Commission
Conversion
However , i tend to use Index/match rather than vlookup, i find it much easier to use and you can easily reference columns to the left of the lookup
if you do a search on the forum of vlookup - you will find a lot of different uses , not only questions - but solution using vlookup or index/match to solve the request