COUNTIF:
Your issue, is that you are missing values between -10 & -11 etc due to misuse of greater than, less than etc. >-10 excludes -10 and greater, and <=-11 excludes values less than -11.
Modify your formula to...
=COUNTIFS(Q2:Q508,"<=0",Q2:Q508,">=-10")
=COUNTIFS(Q2:Q508,"<-10",Q2:Q508,">=-30")
So on so forth.
FREQUENCY:
Frequency calculates number of data that belongs to each bin.
Note following:
1. Frequency returns VERTICAL array.
2. Frequency will return 1 item more than bin array. This is by design to return count of data that is greater than largest bin.
3. Each bin counts values up to and including bin value and excludes values already accounted for in other bin.
So, since you have negative values, you'd first need to turn those into positive values to use your desired bin. And to accommodate for horizontal structure of your bin array, you'll need to transpose return values.
Enter following in S14:
=TRANSPOSE(FREQUENCY(ABS(Q2:Q508),S13:U13))
Then select S14 to V14 and press F2, then CNTRL + SHIFT + ENTER
See attached.
