Help me to understand the coding

[Ashish Batham]

sql = "SELECT left(Extract.[Lgl Port Code],4) as Expr1, Sum(Extract.[Sum Curr Book Val Amt]) AS Book, Sum(Extract.[Sum Curr Mkt Val Amt]) AS Mkt, Sum(Extract.[sum Functional Face Shr Amt]) AS Par " & _"FROM Extract GROUP BY left(Extract.[Lgl Port Code],4) ORDER BY left(Extract.[Lgl Port Code],4)"

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Port = Cells(intCounter, 1)
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Loop Until Port = rs("Expr1").Value
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[Luke M]

The first line is building an SQL statement. SQL's use a particular format to choose what data they want, from which columns, using specific conditions. I recommend reading this article (or some of the related ones) as it looks like you've been asked to deal with a lot of SQL.
http://www.sqlcourse.com/select.html

Note that there are vriable within the statement being built by the SUMS of other data.
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The middle statements cells that the Port variable is equal to the Cells found in row intCounter, column A. So, if IntCounter = 3, this says to make Port = cell A3.

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Perform a loop until Port is equal the to Expr1 parameter of rs.