Without any error message your workbook is not corrupted but just too huge to be managed on your system or Excel version …
As Excel was not designed to be a database software for big data, it needs to load everything in memory
why it is better for the computer memory to launch Excel alone without any other useless application.
You can start to just copy the data without the formatting to a new workbook then save it, close Excel, reboot the computer
then launch Excel and just open the new workbook in order to compare the loading time.
In case it's better, avoid heavy conditional formatting, ActiveX objects and pictures, …
but if not, this is time to think about another software more appropriate !
If you do not use any VBA procedure and you are under the 32 bits Excel version you can try the 64 bits version …