It's used when you have data on multiple worksheets, of similar layout, that you want to group all together on one sheet. So...not exactly a replacement for formulas per se, but it might help in other ways.
Copied from help file:
Consolidate data
To summarize and report results from separate worksheets, you can consolidate data from each separate worksheet into a master worksheet. The worksheets can be in the same workbook as the master worksheet or in other workbooks. When you consolidate data, you are assembling data so that you can more easily update and aggregate it on a regular or ad hoc basis.
For example, if you have a worksheet of expense figures for each of your regional offices, you might use a consolidation to roll up these figures into a corporate expense worksheet. This master worksheet might contain sales totals and averages, current inventory levels, and highest selling products for the entire enterprise.
To consolidate data, use the Consolidate command on the Data menu.
About consolidating data
Show AllHide AllTo summarize and report results from multiple worksheets, you can consolidate data from each worksheet into a master worksheet. The worksheets can be in the same workbook or other workbooks. When you consolidate data, you are assembling data so you can more easily update and aggregate it on a regular or ad hoc basis.
For example, if you have a worksheet of expense figures for each of your regional offices, you might use a consolidation to roll up these figures into a corporate expense worksheet. This master worksheet might contain sales totals and averages, current inventory levels, and highest selling products for the entire enterprise.
To consolidate data, you use the Consolidate command from the Data menu to display the Consolidate dialog box. You can use this dialog box in several ways to consolidate your data:
Position Use this approach when the data in all worksheets is arranged in identical order and location.
Category Use this approach when each worksheet organizes the data differently, but has the same row and column labels, which you can use to match the data.
3-D formulas Use this approach when the worksheets do not have a consistent pattern you can rely on. You can create formulas that refer to cells in each range of data that you're combining. Formulas that refer to cells on multiple worksheets are called 3-D formulas.